Functional Testing is a type of software testing that validates the software products and services against the functional requirements or specifications. The main focus of functional testing is verifying each and every functionality of software product or service accordingly to customer’s requirements.
Functional testing is usually done by testing the individual functions or features of the software application or system. It involves executing the code and verifying that it produces the expected results. This type of testing typically performs by testers who are responsible for verifying that the application or system is working correctly.
Functional testing in software testing can perform manually or with the help of automated testing tools. It usually done during the testing phase of the software development life cycle (SDLC). The goal of functional testing is to identify any defects or issues in the software application or system before it released to the end user.
In functional testing, black box testing involved. Black Box testing does not involves the coding phase of the software or web application. In this testing, UI, APIs, and databases included. It can be done manually or with automation.
Definition: Functional Testing is nothing but how the features of the software should work. Each and every functionality of software should be work as per the customer’s requirements.
How To Do Functional Testing?
There are some steps to follow functional testing and its shows below:
- Understanding functional requirements of customers
- Prepared test inputs and test data
- Mentioned expected output as per test inputs
- Execute test cases
- Compare the actual and expected result
Functional Testing Types
In functional testing, there are some types for perform a functional testing.
- Unit Testing
- Integration Testing
- System Testing
- UAT(User Acceptance) Testing
- Regression Testing
- Re-Testing
- Smoke Testing
- Sanity Testing
1. Unit testing:
This is a type of this testing that performed at the component level. It involves testing individual units or components of the software application or system to ensure that they are working correctly and producing the expected output.
2. Integration testing:
This type of this testing involves testing how different components or units of the software application or system work together. It usually done after unit testing to ensure that the components correctly integrated and working as intended.
3. System testing:
This is a type of this testing that performed on the entire software application or system. It involves testing the system as a whole to ensure that it meets the specified requirements and is working correctly.
4. Acceptance testing:
This is a type of this testing that is done to verify that the software application or system meets the acceptance criteria defined by the end user or customer. It is usually done before the software is released to the user.
5. Regression Testing:
In regression testing, when any new requirements comes, any defects has been fixed or any performance issue fixed in the application at that time testers ensures that it should not be any impact on the existing functionality in the application.
6. Re-Testing:
In retesting, when any defect fixed then software testing team will re-test the failed test cases and ensure that defect is no longer appears in the application.
7. Smoke Testing:
In this testing, When testers receive the builds from the developer side at very first time, testers will test the basics and critical functionality of the software. This called smoke testing.
8. Sanity Testing:
In this testing, It also called narrow regression testing. When testing done for any particular module and test without going into deep called sanity testing.
Use of Functional Testing
Functional testing is an important part of the software development process because it helps to ensure that the software application or system is working correctly and meets the specified requirements. It helps to identify any defects or issues in the software before it released to the end user, which can save time and resources by avoiding the need for bug fixes or updates after the software has been deployed.
It also helps to improve the overall quality of the software application or system by ensuring that it is reliable, efficient, and easy to use. This testing can help to increase customer satisfaction by providing a better user experience and reducing the number of defects or issues that the end user encounters.
Overall, It plays a critical role in the software development process by helping to ensure that the software is fit for its intended purpose and meets the needs of the end user.
Functional Testing Examples
Here are a few examples of functional testing:
1. Testing the login feature of a website to ensure that users can log in with the correct credentials and that the system rejects invalid login attempts.
2.Testing the search feature of an e-commerce website to ensure that it returns the correct results based on the search query.
3. Testing the checkout process of an online store to ensure that the user can add items to their cart, view their cart, and complete the checkout process successfully.
4. Testing the calculator feature of a mobile app to ensure that it performs basic arithmetic calculations accurately.
5. Testing the email feature of a messaging app to ensure that users can send and receive emails and that the system handles attachments and spam correctly.
These are just a few examples of functional testing. The specific functionalities that are tested will depend on the requirements and specifications of the software application or system being tested.
Login Page
TC_1 – Verify Email Id field
TC_2 – Verify Password field
TC_3 – Verify Login button
For more details: Test cases for Login Page
Test Cases for Registration Page
Conclusion
Functional testing is a crucial part of the software development process that helps to ensure that a software application or system is working correctly and meets the specified requirements. It involves testing the individual functions or features of the software to verify that they are working as intended. Functional testing can be performed manually or with the help of automated testing tools, and it is usually done during the testing phase of the software development life cycle.
There are several types of functional testing, including unit testing, integration testing, system testing, acceptance testing, and regression testing. Each type of functional testing serves a specific purpose and helps to ensure the overall quality and reliability of the software application or system.
In conclusion, functional testing is an essential step in the software development process that helps to identify defects and issues, improve the overall quality of the software, and increase customer satisfaction by providing a better user experience.